The Logic stage, fifth through eighth grade, is also known as the pert or argumentative stage. Students at this level are naturally interested in challenging authority. This is the time to start asking why and how along with who, what, when and where. Why did Napoleon try to take over Europe? How did the Industrial Revolution change ordinary people’s lives? Why do we care, anyway?

Logic stage students continue to study integrated and chronological history, science, literature, art and music, progressing from the ancient, medieval and renaissance history they covered in the elementary grades to the revolutionary and modern eras. Socratic discussion is used to guide students to discover new ideas and answers in their lessons. Science and math become more abstract as students move into algebra, chemistry and physics. Latin and grammar continue, as does the study of art and music appreciation and execution.